Dartmouth医学院肿瘤基因学家最近发现,成人血细胞产生依赖于一个关键基因的持续作用,一旦失去这一基因,就会导致骨髓衰竭。以上发现揭开了基因在维持成人造血系统方面出人意料的作用,并且将带来治疗包括儿童白血病在内的多种疾病的新方法。
Norris Cotton癌症中心成员,基因学助理教授Patricia Ernst是项目负责人,她说:“我们发现了一种对于血液干细胞至关重要的路径。”该路径可用于治疗一种罕见但致命的幼儿白血病。结果发表在9月的Cell Stem Cell上。
科学家利用一种老鼠模型来追踪这一被称为MLL(Mixed Lineage Leukemia)的基因的功能。该基因作用于骨髓干细胞,并控制它们生长得到各种成熟的血细胞。一旦这些基因无法正常工作,白血病就发生了。Ernst说:“MLL是造成一岁以下儿童白血病的最常见基因,而这种白血病利用现有癌症治疗手段的效果非常不好。”很多儿童白血病是由一种被称为易位的基因突变(染色体上基因片断突然移位重排)引起的,在幼儿白血病中,含有MLL的染色体破损,然后融合到其它基因上。融合后的基因含有正常MLL功能,这会导致白细胞过度增生,最终形成白血病。
之前研究显示MLL对于胚胎血液干细胞发育很重要,但其在成人中的作用一直不清楚。在针对老鼠的实验中,科学家发现失去MLL后14天就会发生骨髓衰竭,这证明了MLL对于身体血液供给的发育和维持都是必需的。利用这一结果,科学家可以探索新的癌症治疗手段。Ernst说:“我们和其它小组能开始设计阻止MLL引起的致命癌变的方法,同时不影响正常的MLL功能。”(教育部科技发展中心)
原文链接:http://www.physorg.com/news108819354.html 原始出处:
Cell Stem Cell, Vol 1, 324-337, 13 September 2007 Article Unique and Independent Roles for MLL in Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Progenitors Craig D. Jude,1 Leslie Climer,1 Diyong Xu,1 Erika Artinger,1 Jill K. Fisher,2,3 and Patricia Ernst1, 1Department of Genetics and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, 725 Remsen, HB7400, Hanover, NH 03755, USA 2Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA 3Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA Corresponding author Patricia Ernst patricia.ernst@dartmouth.edu The Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene is essential for embryonic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development, but its role during adult hematopoiesis is unknown. Using an inducible knockout model, we demonstrate that Mll is essential for the maintenance of adult HSCs and progenitors, with fatal bone marrow failure occurring within 3 weeks of Mll deletion. Mll-deficient cells are selectively lost from mixed bone marrow chimeras, demonstrating their failure to self-renew even in an intact bone marrow environment. Surprisingly, HSCs lacking Mll exhibit ectopic cell-cycle entry, resulting in the depletion of quiescent HSCs. In contrast, Mll deletion in myelo-erythroid progenitors results in reduced proliferation and reduced response to cytokine-induced cell-cycle entry. Committed lymphoid and myeloid cells no longer require Mll, defining the early multipotent stages of hematopoiesis as Mll dependent. These studies demonstrate that Mll plays selective and independent roles within the hematopoietic system, maintaining quiescence in HSCs and promoting proliferation in progenitors. 摘自《生物谷》 !-- content_end> |